What is Mac address

Mac-Address
============


- It is a 48 bit address which is assigned to a device uniquely.


- Each vendor network device will have unique mac-address.


- This is also called physical address and it can't change.


- This address has two parts


- Mac address represent in a hexadecimal values.


0-0000 6-0110 C-1100
1-0001 7-0111 D-1101
2-0010 8-1000 E-1110
3-0011 9-1001 F-1111
4-0100 A-1010
5-0101 B-1011




Example of a Mac-address:00-1A-6B-55-41-70


c:\>ipconfig /all


/# ifconfig 


To see the vendor of a particular mac-addres


www.coffer.com/mac-find


ARP
=========


Address resolution Protocol


This protocol is a layer 2 protocol basically resolutes ip address to mac-address.


-Each and every system if it has to send the data packet to another system it should need the mac-address of the destination system.


-To get the mac-address of the destination system ARP will be used.


-ARP takes the ip address of the destination system and creates a request frame and send it to every body and destination system sends the arp reply frame by sending its mac-address.


To see that what are the resolutions done by the system by ARP will be known using the command




c:\>arp -a


ping
========


Packet Internet Gopher


It is a layer 3 protocol basically used for checking the connectivity between two systems.


syntax
========


c:\>ping <<ipaddress>>


c:\>ping <<ipaddress>> -t




Traceroute
===============


This command shows how many hops are there between the source system to the destination.


This command also help to trace how the packet went to the destination that is which routes it took.




Syntax for Traceroute
=======================


c:\>traceroute <<ipaddress>>




Traceroute will show until 30 hop count.